<!DOCTYPE html>



  


<html class="theme-next pisces use-motion" lang="zh-Hans">
<head>
  <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"/>
<meta name="theme-color" content="#222">


<meta name="google-site-verification" content="E9deYnivN5MuHMuIfiMZZfS0alv-d_0UjcwjBL79lGU" />



<meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="iHYWJxscwD" />










<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-transform" />
<meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" />



  <meta name="google-site-verification" content="true" />








  <meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="true" />







  
  
  <link href="/lib/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.css?v=2.1.5" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />







<link href="/lib/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?v=4.6.2" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />

<link href="/css/main.css?v=5.1.4" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />


  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/images/apple-touch-icon-next.png?v=5.1.4">


  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/images/favicon-32x32-next.png?v=5.1.4">


  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/images/favicon-16x16-next.png?v=5.1.4">


  <link rel="mask-icon" href="/images/logo.svg?v=5.1.4" color="#222">





  <meta name="keywords" content="读书笔记,口腔内科,牙周病,器械研磨," />










<meta name="description" content="模块23：器械研磨的概念(Concepts for Instrument Sharpening)Section1:介绍器械研磨的概念(Introduction to Sharpening Concepts)只有在妥善的维持切割边缘的锋利度的情况下才能有效的用手用器械进行牙周刮治。掌握研磨器械的方法非常的重要。在1908年，现代牙科学的一位奠基者，G.V.Black（窝洞分类那位？）声称：“在牙科学">
<meta property="og:type" content="article">
<meta property="og:title" content="《牙周刮治基础与高级根面刮治》读书笔记30：模块23：器械研磨的概念(Concepts for Instrument Sharpening)">
<meta property="og:url" content="https://zwdnet.github.io/2019/04/01/%E3%80%8A%E7%89%99%E5%91%A8%E5%88%AE%E6%B2%BB%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B8%8E%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E6%A0%B9%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%AE%E6%B2%BB%E3%80%8B%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B030%EF%BC%9A%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%9723%EF%BC%9A%E5%99%A8%E6%A2%B0%E7%A0%94%E7%A3%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5-Concepts-for-Instrument-Sharpening/index.html">
<meta property="og:site_name" content="赵瑜敏的口腔医学专业学习博客">
<meta property="og:description" content="模块23：器械研磨的概念(Concepts for Instrument Sharpening)Section1:介绍器械研磨的概念(Introduction to Sharpening Concepts)只有在妥善的维持切割边缘的锋利度的情况下才能有效的用手用器械进行牙周刮治。掌握研磨器械的方法非常的重要。在1908年，现代牙科学的一位奠基者，G.V.Black（窝洞分类那位？）声称：“在牙科学">
<meta property="og:locale">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/01.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/02.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/03.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/04.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/05.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/06.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/07.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/08.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/09.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/09.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/10.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/11.png">
<meta property="og:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/other/wx.jpg">
<meta property="article:published_time" content="2019-04-01T06:49:12.000Z">
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="2020-08-30T05:52:04.000Z">
<meta property="article:author" content="赵瑜敏">
<meta property="article:tag" content="读书笔记">
<meta property="article:tag" content="口腔内科">
<meta property="article:tag" content="牙周病">
<meta property="article:tag" content="器械研磨">
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary">
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/01.png">



<script type="text/javascript" id="hexo.configurations">
  var NexT = window.NexT || {};
  var CONFIG = {
    root: '',
    scheme: 'Pisces',
    version: '5.1.4',
    sidebar: {"position":"left","display":"post","offset":12,"b2t":false,"scrollpercent":false,"onmobile":false},
    fancybox: true,
    tabs: true,
    motion: {"enable":true,"async":false,"transition":{"post_block":"fadeIn","post_header":"slideDownIn","post_body":"slideDownIn","coll_header":"slideLeftIn","sidebar":"slideUpIn"}},
    duoshuo: {
      userId: '0',
      author: '博主'
    },
    algolia: {
      applicationID: '',
      apiKey: '',
      indexName: '',
      hits: {"per_page":10},
      labels: {"input_placeholder":"Search for Posts","hits_empty":"We didn't find any results for the search: ${query}","hits_stats":"${hits} results found in ${time} ms"}
    }
  };
</script>



  <link rel="canonical" href="https://zwdnet.github.io/2019/04/01/《牙周刮治基础与高级根面刮治》读书笔记30：模块23：器械研磨的概念-Concepts-for-Instrument-Sharpening/"/>





  <title>《牙周刮治基础与高级根面刮治》读书笔记30：模块23：器械研磨的概念(Concepts for Instrument Sharpening) | 赵瑜敏的口腔医学专业学习博客</title>
  








<meta name="generator" content="Hexo 5.4.0"></head>

<body itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" lang="zh-Hans">

  
  
    
  

  <div class="container sidebar-position-left page-post-detail">
    <div class="headband"></div>

    <header id="header" class="header" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader">
      <div class="header-inner"><div class="site-brand-wrapper">
  <div class="site-meta ">
    

    <div class="custom-logo-site-title">
      <a href="/"  class="brand" rel="start">
        <span class="logo-line-before"><i></i></span>
        <span class="site-title">赵瑜敏的口腔医学专业学习博客</span>
        <span class="logo-line-after"><i></i></span>
      </a>
    </div>
      
        <p class="site-subtitle"></p>
      
  </div>

  <div class="site-nav-toggle">
    <button>
      <span class="btn-bar"></span>
      <span class="btn-bar"></span>
      <span class="btn-bar"></span>
    </button>
  </div>
</div>

<nav class="site-nav">
  

  
    <ul id="menu" class="menu">
      
        
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-home">
          <a href="/%20" rel="section">
            
              <i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-home"></i> <br />
            
            首页
          </a>
        </li>
      
        
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-tags">
          <a href="/tags/%20" rel="section">
            
              <i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-tags"></i> <br />
            
            标签
          </a>
        </li>
      
        
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-categories">
          <a href="/categories/%20" rel="section">
            
              <i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-th"></i> <br />
            
            分类
          </a>
        </li>
      
        
        <li class="menu-item menu-item-archives">
          <a href="/archives/%20" rel="section">
            
              <i class="menu-item-icon fa fa-fw fa-archive"></i> <br />
            
            归档
          </a>
        </li>
      

      
    </ul>
  

  
</nav>



 </div>
    </header>

    <main id="main" class="main">
      <div class="main-inner">
        <div class="content-wrap">
          <div id="content" class="content">
            

  <div id="posts" class="posts-expand">
    

  

  
  
  

  <article class="post post-type-normal" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Article">
  
  
  
  <div class="post-block">
    <link itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" href="https://zwdnet.github.io/2019/04/01/%E3%80%8A%E7%89%99%E5%91%A8%E5%88%AE%E6%B2%BB%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B8%8E%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E6%A0%B9%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%AE%E6%B2%BB%E3%80%8B%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B030%EF%BC%9A%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%9723%EF%BC%9A%E5%99%A8%E6%A2%B0%E7%A0%94%E7%A3%A8%E7%9A%84%E6%A6%82%E5%BF%B5-Concepts-for-Instrument-Sharpening/">

    <span hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="">
      <meta itemprop="description" content="">
      <meta itemprop="image" content="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/other/tx.jpg">
    </span>

    <span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization">
      <meta itemprop="name" content="赵瑜敏的口腔医学专业学习博客">
    </span>

    
      <header class="post-header">

        
        
          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">《牙周刮治基础与高级根面刮治》读书笔记30：模块23：器械研磨的概念(Concepts for Instrument Sharpening)</h1>
        

        <div class="post-meta">
          <span class="post-time">
            
              <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                <i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i>
              </span>
              
                <span class="post-meta-item-text">发表于</span>
              
              <time title="创建于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-04-01T06:49:12+00:00">
                2019-04-01
              </time>
            

            

            
          </span>

          
            <span class="post-category" >
            
              <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
            
              <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                <i class="fa fa-folder-o"></i>
              </span>
              
                <span class="post-meta-item-text">分类于</span>
              
              
                <span itemprop="about" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Thing">
                  <a href="/categories/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91/" itemprop="url" rel="index">
                    <span itemprop="name">口腔内科</span>
                  </a>
                </span>

                
                
              
            </span>
          

          
            
          

          
          

          

          
            <div class="post-wordcount">
              
                
                  <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
                
                <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                  <i class="fa fa-file-word-o"></i>
                </span>
                
                  <span class="post-meta-item-text">字数统计&#58;</span>
                
                <span title="字数统计">
                  1.9k
                </span>
              

              
                <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
              

              
                <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
                  <i class="fa fa-clock-o"></i>
                </span>
                
                  <span class="post-meta-item-text">阅读时长 &asymp;</span>
                
                <span title="阅读时长">
                  6
                </span>
              
            </div>
          

          

        </div>
      </header>
    

    
    
    
    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody">

      
      

      
        <p><strong>模块23：器械研磨的概念(Concepts for Instrument Sharpening)<br>Section1:介绍器械研磨的概念(Introduction to Sharpening Concepts)</strong><br>只有在妥善的维持切割边缘的锋利度的情况下才能有效的用手用器械进行牙周刮治。掌握研磨器械的方法非常的重要。在1908年，现代牙科学的一位奠基者，G.V.Black（窝洞分类那位？）声称：“在牙科学实践中没有哪项技术比照看好器械的切割边缘更重要。不能做到的学生，或者不愿意学习这项技术的学生，应该放弃学习牙科学。”(Nothing in the technical procedures of dental practice is more important than the care of the cutting edges of instruments . . . The student who can not, or will not learn this should abandon the study of dentistry)<br>器械研磨是一个日常需要的技能。使用钝的牙周器械无法进行有效的牙周治疗。<br>一个锐利的切割边缘允许：<br>①更容易的牙石去除<br>A.锐利的切割边缘“咬入”牙石，用一个有效率的方法去除它。<br>B.钝的器械会从牙石上滑过，并且可能将其抛光。<br>②改进用力控制<br>A.锐利的切割边缘钩住牙石，使其更易于被探测和去除。<br>B.钝的切割边缘倾向于滑过牙齿表面。<br>(1)一个钝的切割边缘会抛光牙石，仅去除牙石的外层而不是整块牙石。<br>(2)一个钝的边缘必须用更大的力量将其压在牙齿上以去除牙石。<br>(3)使用钝的器械的过大的力量会使施力失去控制，更容易滑脱或使手指承受更大的力量。<br>③降低用力的数量/提高工作效率<br>A.使用锐利的切割边缘的器械能使用较少的施力次数。<br>B.锐利的器械能降低总的治疗时间。<br>C.锐利的器械能降低磨光牙石的可能性。<br>④增加患者的舒适度<br>A.使用钝的器械需要更大的侧向压力。锐利的器械允许医生使用更小的力，使得刮治过程更加舒适。<br>B.锐利的切割边缘允许医生用力更少，更好控制。因此，锐利的器械降低了治疗需要的时间。患者欣赏更少的就诊时间。<br>⑤降低医生的疲劳<br>A.一个钝的切割边缘需要更大的压力和更多的施力次数。<br>B.过大的侧向压力和过多的施力次数需要会增加不必要的医生肌肉骨骼系统出现问题的风险。<br>一个锐利的切割边缘的设计特点<br>牙石去除涉及到使用侧向压力和一个相对牙齿表面的切咬动作。器械在使用中变钝是无法避免的。随着器械的使用，很小的金属碎屑会离开工作端。研究显示在进行了15-40次牙石去除用力后器械就需要研磨。工作末端金属的丢失会将切割边缘从一个平整的直线变成一个圆钝的表面导致器械变钝，工作效率降低。<br>多年来牙周器械的演变，形成了一些切割边缘的设计特点，以允许器械能高效安全的工作。正确的研磨技术需要对这些特点有一些了解。了解器械的横断面很重要。所有的洁刮治器械中，一个锐利的切割边缘是由器械表面(face)和侧面（lateral surface)相交所组成的平缓的线。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/01.png"><br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/02.png"><br>工作末端的横截面<br>在进行研磨石，保持器械表面（face）和侧面(lateral surfaces）的关系很关键。对于镰形洁治器，通用刮治器和牙位专用刮治器来说，侧面和表面的成角在70-80度之间。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/03.png"><br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/04.png"><br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/05.png"><br>钝的切割边缘<br>切割边缘变钝是由于切割边缘的金属离开导致表面和侧面的连接处变圆钝。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/06.png"><br>评估器械锋利程度<br>主要用视觉和触觉<br>①视觉评估：在明亮的光源下握持工作末端观察，比如在牙椅灯下或高亮度的照明下。器械的表面（face）接近与光线垂直。缓慢翻转观察器械的表面和侧面。<br>A.一个钝的切割边缘会反光，因为其圆钝和厚，反射的光线是一条沿着表面边缘的亮的线。<br>B.一个锐利的边缘是一条线——没有厚度——并且不反射光。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/07.png"><br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/08.png"><br>②触觉评估<br>A.塑性测试（Plastic Test Stick):用一个塑料的或者丙烯酸的棒去探查。<br>(1)一个钝的切割边缘会滑过棒的表面。<br>(2)一个锐利的切割边缘会咬入——抓住——测试棒的表面。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/09.png"><br>B.技术。<br>（1）用类似于刮治的动作来检测。a.一个手指在棒上建立支点；b.切割边缘与棒成70°-80°角；c.用短促的，切咬的力量向上相对棒移动。<br>（2）切割边缘的所有区域必须进行锋利度检测：尖端，中部，后部。<br><strong>Section2:保持工作端的设计(Preserving Working-End Design)</strong><br>即工作末端表面与侧面的70°-80°角，侧表面，背部，尖部的设计都必须保持。<br>因此要分区段的进行研磨，如图。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/09.png"><br>注意不要不必要的磨除金属<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/10.png"><br>更换器械<br>要认识到洁治器和刮治器的使用寿命是有限的，必须定期更换。小心的研磨并在握持和灭菌时保护会延长使用寿命。当器械的工作末端由于使用和研磨变得薄了，器械就应该丢弃了。研究表明器械变薄超过20%就会显著影响使用效率。<br>（下面是器械折断的处理，很少见吧？pass）<br><strong>Section3:器械维护的计划（Planning for Instrument Maintenance)</strong><br>何时进行器械研磨？<br>需要在每次治疗后进行研磨，或者在治疗过程中需要的话也可以研磨。只用进行轻微的研磨。最好在灭菌后进行研磨。<br><strong>Section4:研磨设备（Sharpening Armamentarium)</strong><br>工作区域和设备<br>在每个治疗室都必须有研磨区域，这样一旦器械有变钝的迹象就可以立即研磨。<br>①稳定平整的地面。<br>②良好的光源。<br>③有所有研磨需要的设备。<br>需要的设备有：磨石、塑料测试棒、放大光源/放大镜、纱布、润滑剂、手套、护目镜。<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/blog0115-yxgzjc30/11.png"><br>磨石有天然的和人造的，用来将金属从器械表面磨除。粒度(grain)或耐磨度(abrasiveness)是其的一个重要特性。粒度良好（粒度400以上）的磨石能显著提高切割边缘的锋利度。<br><strong>(总结：研磨器械就像士兵擦枪，很重要。目的主要是保持器械的锋利度，以保持工作效率。判断器械是否变钝主要通过视觉——看是否有反光，是否是一条线，以及触觉——在塑料上刮，来判断。工具主要是磨石等。研磨的频率是每次刮治后都要进行——有多少人是数月甚至数年不磨刮治器啦？我就是一个。嘿嘿，先搞个磨石来喽。）</strong></p>
<p>我发文章的三个地方，欢迎大家在朋友圈等地方分享，欢迎点“好看”。谢谢。<br>我的个人博客地址：<a href="https://zwdnet.github.io/">https://zwdnet.github.io</a><br>我的CSDN博客地址：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://blog.csdn.net/zwdnet">https://blog.csdn.net/zwdnet</a><br>我的微信个人订阅号：赵瑜敏的口腔医学学习园地<br><img src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/other/wx.jpg"></p>

      
    </div>
    
    
    

    

    
      <div>
        <div style="padding: 10px 0; margin: 20px auto; width: 90%; text-align: center;">
  <div>欢迎打赏！感谢支持！</div>
  <button id="rewardButton" disable="enable" onclick="var qr = document.getElementById('QR'); if (qr.style.display === 'none') {qr.style.display='block';} else {qr.style.display='none'}">
    <span>打赏</span>
  </button>
  <div id="QR" style="display: none;">

    
      <div id="wechat" style="display: inline-block">
        <img id="wechat_qr" src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/other/mm_facetoface_collect_qrcode_1542944836634.png" alt=" 微信支付"/>
        <p>微信支付</p>
      </div>
    

    
      <div id="alipay" style="display: inline-block">
        <img id="alipay_qr" src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/other/1542944857770.jpg" alt=" 支付宝"/>
        <p>支付宝</p>
      </div>
    

    

  </div>
</div>

      </div>
    

    

    <footer class="post-footer">
      
        <div class="post-tags">
          
            <a href="/tags/%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B0/" rel="tag"># 读书笔记</a>
          
            <a href="/tags/%E5%8F%A3%E8%85%94%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91/" rel="tag"># 口腔内科</a>
          
            <a href="/tags/%E7%89%99%E5%91%A8%E7%97%85/" rel="tag"># 牙周病</a>
          
            <a href="/tags/%E5%99%A8%E6%A2%B0%E7%A0%94%E7%A3%A8/" rel="tag"># 器械研磨</a>
          
        </div>
      

      
      
      

      
        <div class="post-nav">
          <div class="post-nav-next post-nav-item">
            
              <a href="/2019/03/29/%E3%80%8A%E7%89%99%E5%91%A8%E5%88%AE%E6%B2%BB%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B8%8E%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E6%A0%B9%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%AE%E6%B2%BB%E3%80%8B%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B029%EF%BC%9A%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%9720-22/" rel="next" title="《牙周刮治基础与高级根面刮治》读书笔记29：模块20-22">
                <i class="fa fa-chevron-left"></i> 《牙周刮治基础与高级根面刮治》读书笔记29：模块20-22
              </a>
            
          </div>

          <span class="post-nav-divider"></span>

          <div class="post-nav-prev post-nav-item">
            
              <a href="/2019/04/06/%E3%80%8A%E7%89%99%E5%91%A8%E5%88%AE%E6%B2%BB%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B8%8E%E9%AB%98%E7%BA%A7%E6%A0%B9%E9%9D%A2%E5%88%AE%E6%B2%BB%E3%80%8B%E8%AF%BB%E4%B9%A6%E7%AC%94%E8%AE%B031%EF%BC%9A%E6%A8%A1%E5%9D%9724-%E5%99%A8%E6%A2%B0%E7%A0%94%E7%A3%A8%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF-Instrument-Sharpening-Techniques/" rel="prev" title="《牙周刮治基础与高级根面刮治》读书笔记31：模块24 器械研磨技术(Instrument Sharpening Techniques)">
                《牙周刮治基础与高级根面刮治》读书笔记31：模块24 器械研磨技术(Instrument Sharpening Techniques) <i class="fa fa-chevron-right"></i>
              </a>
            
          </div>
        </div>
      

      
      
    </footer>
  </div>
  
  
  
  </article>



    <div class="post-spread">
      
    </div>
  </div>


          </div>
          


          

  
    <div class="comments" id="comments">
      <div id="lv-container" data-id="city" data-uid="MTAyMC80MTA2Mi8xNzU4Nw=="></div>
    </div>

  



        </div>
        
          
  
  <div class="sidebar-toggle">
    <div class="sidebar-toggle-line-wrap">
      <span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-first"></span>
      <span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-middle"></span>
      <span class="sidebar-toggle-line sidebar-toggle-line-last"></span>
    </div>
  </div>

  <aside id="sidebar" class="sidebar">
    
    <div class="sidebar-inner">

      

      

      <section class="site-overview-wrap sidebar-panel sidebar-panel-active">
        <div class="site-overview">
          <div class="site-author motion-element" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
            
              <img class="site-author-image" itemprop="image"
                src="https://zymblog-1258069789.cos.ap-chengdu.myqcloud.com/other/tx.jpg"
                alt="" />
            
              <p class="site-author-name" itemprop="name"></p>
              <p class="site-description motion-element" itemprop="description"></p>
          </div>

          <nav class="site-state motion-element">

            
              <div class="site-state-item site-state-posts">
              
                <a href="/archives/%20%7C%7C%20archive">
              
                  <span class="site-state-item-count">452</span>
                  <span class="site-state-item-name">日志</span>
                </a>
              </div>
            

            
              
              
              <div class="site-state-item site-state-categories">
                <a href="/categories/index.html">
                  <span class="site-state-item-count">29</span>
                  <span class="site-state-item-name">分类</span>
                </a>
              </div>
            

            
              
              
              <div class="site-state-item site-state-tags">
                <a href="/tags/index.html">
                  <span class="site-state-item-count">544</span>
                  <span class="site-state-item-name">标签</span>
                </a>
              </div>
            

          </nav>

          

          

          
          

          
          

          

        </div>
      </section>

      

      

    </div>
  </aside>


        
      </div>
    </main>

    <footer id="footer" class="footer">
      <div class="footer-inner">
        <div class="copyright">&copy; <span itemprop="copyrightYear">2021</span>
  <span class="with-love">
    <i class="fa fa-user"></i>
  </span>
  <span class="author" itemprop="copyrightHolder">本站版权归赵瑜敏所有，如欲转载请与本人联系。</span>

  
    <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span>
    <span class="post-meta-item-icon">
      <i class="fa fa-area-chart"></i>
    </span>
    
      <span class="post-meta-item-text">Site words total count&#58;</span>
    
    <span title="Site words total count">1225.8k</span>
  
</div>









<div>
  <script type="text/javascript">var cnzz_protocol = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? " https://" : " http://");document.write(unescape("%3Cspan id='cnzz_stat_icon_1275447216'%3E%3C/span%3E%3Cscript src='" + cnzz_protocol + "s11.cnzz.com/z_stat.php%3Fid%3D1275447216%26online%3D1%26show%3Dline' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E"));</script>
</div>

        







  <div style="display: none;">
    <script src="//s95.cnzz.com/z_stat.php?id=1275447216&web_id=1275447216" language="JavaScript"></script>
  </div>



        
      </div>
    </footer>

    
      <div class="back-to-top">
        <i class="fa fa-arrow-up"></i>
        
      </div>
    

    

  </div>

  

<script type="text/javascript">
  if (Object.prototype.toString.call(window.Promise) !== '[object Function]') {
    window.Promise = null;
  }
</script>









  












  
  
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/jquery/index.js?v=2.1.3"></script>
  

  
  
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/fastclick/lib/fastclick.min.js?v=1.0.6"></script>
  

  
  
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/jquery_lazyload/jquery.lazyload.js?v=1.9.7"></script>
  

  
  
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/velocity/velocity.min.js?v=1.2.1"></script>
  

  
  
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/velocity/velocity.ui.min.js?v=1.2.1"></script>
  

  
  
    <script type="text/javascript" src="/lib/fancybox/source/jquery.fancybox.pack.js?v=2.1.5"></script>
  


  


  <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/utils.js?v=5.1.4"></script>

  <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/motion.js?v=5.1.4"></script>



  
  


  <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/affix.js?v=5.1.4"></script>

  <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/schemes/pisces.js?v=5.1.4"></script>



  
  <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/scrollspy.js?v=5.1.4"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/post-details.js?v=5.1.4"></script>



  


  <script type="text/javascript" src="/js/src/bootstrap.js?v=5.1.4"></script>



  


  




	





  





  
    <script type="text/javascript">
      (function(d, s) {
        var j, e = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
        if (typeof LivereTower === 'function') { return; }
        j = d.createElement(s);
        j.src = 'https://cdn-city.livere.com/js/embed.dist.js';
        j.async = true;
        e.parentNode.insertBefore(j, e);
      })(document, 'script');
    </script>
  












  





  

  

  

  
  

  

  

  

  
</body>
</html>
